Summary:
The United States of America (USA) is a huge country with 50 states. In the USA, policies in general and educational policies in particular are quite independent from state to state. The article presents briefly the policies for school teachers in America, including: 1/ Initial training policies; 2/ Certification policies; 3/ Tenure policies; 4/ Professional development and teacher assessment policies; 5/ Salary policies; 6/ Teacher employment and incentive policies; 7/ Teacher association policies; and 8/ Retirement policies. Though the recent teacher policies in the USA have not been perfect yet, they are still a precious reference for Vietnam.
Refers:
[2] A review of state teacher policies: what are they, what are their effects, and what are their implications for school finance?, Susanna Loeb & Luke C. Miller, Stanford University, 2006.
[3] US Deprtment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistic https:// www.bls.gov/OOH/education-training-and-library (Nov 18, 2018).
[4] https://education.findlaw.com/teachers-rights/tea chersdifferent-freedoms-and-rights.html
[5] Teacher Salaries in Florida by Education (theo http:// www.teaching-certification.com/salaries-benefits/ florida-teaching-salaries-and-benefits.html)
[6] Một phần năm giáo viên Mĩ phải làm nghề tay trái để kiếm sống, VN EXPRESS, ngày 22 tháng 9 năm 2018.
Journal: