Summary:
In the context of the nation reviewing 80 years of educational development and the pressing demand for sustainable development in ethnic minority regions, a comprehensive reassessment of the development trajectory of ethnic education is of urgent significance. The period 1945–2025 has witnessed remarkable achievements, including the eradication of illiteracy, the universalization of education, the expansion of boarding and semi-boarding school systems, and the training of ethnic minority cadres/workforce, contributing to cultural preservation and sustainable poverty reduction. Recent reforms-such as the implementation of new curricula and textbooks, the promotion of digital transformation, and the development of happy schoolscontinue to affirm the pivotal role of this sector. However, existing studies still lack systematic, longitudinal overviews of the entire 80-year process and have yet to clarify shifts in development models and their policy implications fully. This article uses a literature review method, combined with historical and comparative approaches, to provide a comprehensive analysis. The findings indicate that ethnic education not only enhances educational attainment but also contributes to human resource development at the local level, while playing a strategic role in strengthening national solidarity and promoting sustainable development.
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