EVALUATING THE CAPABILITY OF THE GPT-5 LANGUAGE MODEL  IN SOLVING REAL - WORLD OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS  IN GRADE 12 MATHEMATICS

Do Ngoc Liem

Do Ngoc Liem	liemdongoc523@gmail.com	Independent Researcher 98A, 8C road, Trung Son residential area, Binh Hung commune, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Summary:

In the context of educational reform and the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), assessing the applicability of AI in Mathematics education has become increasingly essential. This study investigates the capability of GPT-5 in solving real-world optimization problems included in the grade 12 Mathematics (2018), which are often challenging for students. A dataset of 40 representative problems was constructed and solved using three different prompt configurations. The AI-generated solutions were evaluated based on a rubric with five criteria: mathematical modelling, analytical process, boundary analysis, practical interpretation, and presentation. Two Mathematics teachers independently graded the solutions, and inter rater reliability was verified using Cohen’s Kappa alongside statistical analyses. The results indicate that GPT-5 demonstrates strengths in mathematical modelling, boundary analysis, and structured presentation but reveals limitations in analytical rigor and practical interpretation. These findings provide scientific evidence on both the potential and the constraints of AI in Mathematics education. They also suggest that AI should be employed as a supportive tool under teacher guidance rather than as a replacement in developing students’ mathematical competencies.

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Keywords:

Artificial intelligence

GPT-5

optimization

real-world problems

mathematics education

grade 12 Mathematics.

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Journal:

No. 12, December 2025

VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES

THE VIETNAM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES

EVALUATING THE CAPABILITY OF THE GPT-5 LANGUAGE MODEL IN SOLVING REAL - WORLD OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS IN GRADE 12 MATHEMATICS